When it comes to woodworking, wood glue and wood filler are your trusted allies. Each has a unique purpose, with one serving as a powerful adhesive and the other as a gap and hole filler in your woodworking projects. In this guide, we’ll delve into the world of wood glue and wood filler, comparing their uses, benefits, and key differences. So grab your tools and let’s get started!
Key Takeaways: Understanding the Basics
Before we dive into the details, here are the key differences between wood glue and wood filler:
- Wood glue shines when it comes to joining pieces of wood together. It’s a robust adhesive that provides a strong bond between wooden surfaces.
- Wood filler, on the other hand, is perfect for filling gaps and holes in wood. It helps to create a smooth, seamless finish on your woodworking projects.
- Compared to wood filler, wood glue tends to be more water and weather resistant, making it a better choice for outdoor projects.
- Wood glue and wood filler dry to different colors, which can impact the final look of your project.
- Unlike wood glue, wood filler contains real wood fibers. This gives it strength and allows it to mimic the natural finish of wood.
Wood Glue: The Strong Bond
Whether you’re a beginner woodworker or a seasoned pro, you’ve likely encountered wood glue. This adhesive is a staple in any woodworking toolkit, and for good reason.
Wood glue is designed to create a strong bond between pieces of wood. It penetrates the wood fibers, creating a bond that is often stronger than the wood itself. When it comes to durability, wood glue is hard to beat. It’s often more resistant to water and weather than wood filler, making it a great choice for outdoor projects.
However, keep in mind that wood glue dries to a different color than wood filler. Depending on your project, you might need to consider this when choosing between the two.
Wood Filler: The Perfect Finish
If you’re looking to fill gaps or holes in your woodworking projects, look no further than wood filler. This handy product is a mix of adhesive and wood fibers, which gives it the ability to mimic the natural finish of wood.
Wood filler is great for correcting mistakes or filling in gaps in your projects. It dries hard and can be sanded and painted over, making it a versatile addition to your woodworking toolkit.
However, it’s worth noting that wood filler is not as resistant to water and weather as wood glue. If you’re working on an outdoor project, you might want to consider using wood glue or a weather-resistant wood filler.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Wood Glue and Wood Filler
What is Wood Glue?
Wood glue is a robust adhesive that woodworkers rely on to bind pieces of wood together. Crafted from a combination of substances and synthetic resins, wood glue offers durability and strength, making it a go-to choice for many craftspeople. Some well-known brands include Elmer’s Carpenter’s Wood Glue, Gorilla Wood Glue, and Titebond.
There are several types of wood glues available, each with its own unique set of advantages and drawbacks. Here’s a brief overview:
- PVA Glue: This is the most commonly used wood glue due to its high durability, water resistance, and strength. Known brand names include Elmer’s Wood Glue and Titebond. Plus, it’s typically the most affordable option.
- Polyurethane Glue: While potentially stronger and more water-resistant than PVA glue, polyurethane glues like Gorilla Glue aren’t quite as effective at bonding wood itself.
- Cyanoacrylate Glue: Better known as super glue or Crazy Glue, this adhesive is great for bonding various materials, but it’s not the best choice for wood.
- Epoxy Glue: This is one of the strongest and most expensive glues on the market, ideal for bonding materials that require maximum strength.
- Hide Glue: This is a more flexible glue that isn’t as strong or durable as traditional wood glues, so it’s best used in specific scenarios.
If you’re working on outdoor projects, opt for wood glues designed to withstand the elements, such as Titebond II or III, or a polyurethane glue like Gorilla Glue.
The drying color of wood glue can vary, so it’s best to wipe away any excess to maintain your project’s aesthetics. While most wood glues dry to a slightly off-white hue, some may dry darker. As for drying time, most wood glues harden within 24 hours, but certain types (like epoxy glue) may take longer, typically between 24 to 72 hours.
Types of Wood Glue: A Look at Aliphatic Resin Glue
Understanding Aliphatic Resin Glue
Aliphatic resin glue, also known as yellow glue or carpenter’s glue, is a popular adhesive choice in woodworking. The name ‘yellow glue’ comes from the distinct creamy, yellow hue it dries to. This glue uses an aliphatic compound, making it a reliable option for most indoor wood projects.
Brands like LePage and Titebond are common go-to options when shopping for aliphatic resin glue. Unlike white household glue, such as Elmer’s, aliphatic resin glue doesn’t creep or slip while you hold the glued items together. It’s set to harden quickly at temperatures ranging from 50 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit (10°- 43° Celsius).
However, it’s worth noting that aliphatic resin glue isn’t recommended for outdoor use, which is a bit unusual for wood glue. This glue’s consistency is thick, but it’s not prone to dripping. It’s also commendable for its water and heat resistance, and it can tolerate a certain level of moisture. While its bonding strength is decent, it’s not the strongest on the market. However, it scores points for being non-flammable and having a mild odor.
Before you cure your aliphatic resin glue, clean it using tap water. If you end up with unwanted glue globs on your woodworking project, you’ll need to sand them down. Applying wood stain on the glue won’t be effective, as it won’t absorb in that area, potentially ruining the look of your project.
You can watch a demonstration of using aliphatic resin glue in this video:
Polyvinyl Acetate: Not Always the Best Option
When it comes to wood glue, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is another option. However, it might not be your first choice. Why? Well, PVA glue is often used for crafts and hobbies, so it’s not really designed for heavy-duty applications. It’s the same white glue we discussed in the previous section.
One major drawback of PVA glue is its tendency to ‘creep’. This means it can slowly move from where you applied it, even after it dries, which isn’t ideal for sturdy constructions. Additionally, PVA glue dries quickly and is non-toxic, but there’s a catch: If you decide to switch to a different type of wood glue, it won’t adhere to the dried PVA. Even PVA itself can’t stick to its own dried substance. This can leave you in quite a pickle!
Cyanoacrylate: Super Glue for the Rescue
You might know cyanoacrylate by its more popular names, superglue or crazy glue. Derived from esters such as ethyl cyanoacrylate, this adhesive is prized for its strong bonding abilities. Woodturners and other woodworking enthusiasts often turn to cyanoacrylate for minor project repairs.
If you’re into creating balsa wood models, you might find cyanoacrylate to be your favorite wood glue. Its strength is an excellent match for balsa wood’s light weight. However, using cyanoacrylate requires a careful balancing act. Use too much, and your bond weakens. Use too little, and the bond isn’t strong enough.
Another drawback is its brittleness. If you’ve glued several pieces of wood together with cyanoacrylate, and then try to bend the wood later, the glue could crack and come undone.
On the plus side, cyanoacrylate doesn’t have a strong odor and it won’t polymerize quickly. But be aware, this other form of glue can be runny. If you’re trying to fill a hole in wood, opt for the gel variety. And watch your fingers! Cyanoacrylate dries instantly and will stick to any exposed skin.
The Versatility of Polyurethane
When it comes to popular wood glue brands, Excel and Gorilla Glue top the list thanks to their polyurethane-based formulas. But wood isn’t the only material they’re good for. These versatile glues can also effectively adhere to rubber, ceramics, sand, glass, plastic, metal, and textile fibers. While polyurethane glue might not offer the strongest bond, it can certainly work well in a pinch.
The Strength of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin Glue
If you’re seeking a stronger bond, resorcinol-formaldehyde resin glue is worth considering. Known for its resilience, this glue can withstand high levels of exposure to fungi, mold, solvents, salt water, mild acids, and even boiling water. It can also hold up well under ultraviolet immersion.
However, don’t expect to use this glue straight out of the package. It requires a bit of preparation, as you’ll need to mix it with a powdered catalyst and liquid resin to enable it to work properly. One thing to note is that this type of glue dries to a deep purple color, so be sure to clean up any residue to avoid staining. Also, because it can be harmful to breathe in, it’s crucial to use adequate ventilation when working with this glue.
The Practicality of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Glue
Similarly, urea-formaldehyde resin glue is another practical choice. Yes, you’ve read that right – this resin does indeed come from urine. If you can get past that, you’ll find this wood glue to be highly effective. Unlike resorcinol-formaldehyde glue, it doesn’t leave behind a purple residue.
What’s more, urea-formaldehyde resin glue won’t become abrasive, can cure in cool temperatures, is relatively inexpensive, and has minimal creep. It’s been the top wood glue choice for assembling wooden airplanes for many years, largely due to these beneficial properties.
Understanding Wood Filler: Your Ultimate Guide
Wood filler, as its name implies, is a substance used for filling gaps, cracks, and holes in wood. From large voids to tiny nail holes, wood filler effectively conceals these imperfections, leaving you with a flawless wooden surface.
Crafted from a mix of wood pulp, a binder, and several other ingredients, wood filler boasts a look that’s remarkably similar to natural wood. This is due to the fact that most wood fillers actually contain real wood fibers or sawdust. This unique composition allows the filler to blend seamlessly with the surrounding wood, whether you’re patching an oak table or a pine door.
Brands such as Minwax, Elmer’s, DAP, and many others offer a variety of wood fillers, each with its own unique features and benefits. But irrespective of the brand, wood fillers share some common characteristics.
For instance, wood fillers can be sanded, stained, and painted, allowing you to attain the exact appearance you desire. Some wood fillers may even be harder than the actual wood, making them an excellent long-term solution for repairing the inevitable wear and tear that wood surfaces endure over time.
The drying time for wood filler will vary depending on the type and brand you choose. However, most wood fillers will be ready for further treatment such as sanding or staining in under 24 hours.
However, it’s crucial to note that wood filler is not the same as wood putty, despite their apparent similarities. Each has its own distinct use and function, which we will delve into in future posts.
Exploring the Types of Wood Filler
Water-based Wood Filler
Water-based wood filler is a popular choice among DIY enthusiasts, and for good reason. Typically, it’s composed of wood glue mixed with wood fibers and other additives. Since it’s water-based, it’s easy to clean up— just a little soap and water will do the trick. Plus, if it dries out in the jar, you can rehydrate it with a bit of water.
However, its water-based nature can also be a drawback. Exposure to water can turn your hard work back into a paste, which isn’t ideal for outdoor projects or areas prone to getting wet. To keep your repairs intact, you might want to steer clear of water-based wood filler for these projects.
While some brands claim their products can be stained, it’s not always the case. Often, the wood filler absorbs the stain differently than the surrounding wood, resulting in noticeable patches. For stained projects, a homemade wood filler or putty might serve you better.
Another thing to note about water-based wood filler is that it tends to shrink as it dries, which could leave you with a divot if you’re not careful. Always overfill your holes to counteract this effect.
Water-based wood filler is best suited for indoor projects that will be painted. In my experience, a larger tub is more user-friendly, as it allows you to scoop out the amount you need with a putty knife.
Solvent-based Wood Filler
Solvent-based fillers pack a punch in terms of durability, making them the go-to for filling large gaps. A prime example is Plastic Wood by DAP. Some solvent-based fillers even contain wood fibers, enhancing their strength to the point where you can place nails and anchors directly into the filler. This makes them a popular choice for exterior woodwork.
Epoxy-based Wood Filler
Epoxy is gaining popularity in the woodworking world, and not just for its aesthetic appeal. It’s often used to fill large voids in wood, and with the addition of colorful dyes and pigments, it can create stunning effects.
But epoxy isn’t just for show—it’s also a highly effective wood filler. It dries to a harder finish than water-based wood fillers and bonds with the surrounding area, making it a reliable choice for exterior use.
Epoxy wood filler differs from liquid epoxy in its consistency. It has a putty-like texture that can be molded into shape. It comes with a mixture of two separate components that need to be mixed together just before application. Only mix the amount needed for your project and ensure they’re thoroughly combined.
However, keep in mind that epoxy generates heat when combined, so handle with care. Always wear protective gloves, safety glasses, and a chemical respirator, or work in a well-ventilated area to avoid fumes.
When and How to Utilize Wood Glue
Wood glue is your go-to adhesive when you’re working on a project involving wood. Whether you’re crafting a woodworking masterpiece, assembling new furniture, or undertaking a home improvement project, wood glue is a reliable ally. This adhesive excels in securing wood joints, providing an additional layer of strength when used alongside screws and nails.
The Right Time and Technique for Wood Filler
Wood filler plays a different, but equally essential role in your woodwork toolkit. Use it to fill gaps and cracks in your wood, giving your finished piece a flawless look. Here are a few instances where wood filler comes in handy:
- Filling screw holes
- Plugging nail holes
- Smoothing out gaps and cracks
Spotting the Similarities and Understanding the Differences
1. Both are Tailored for Timber
Wood glue and wood filler are made with a single material in mind: wood. Their formulas are specially designed to interact with and enhance the properties of wood.
2. Neither Stick Well to Other Surfaces
While wood glue can technically be used on other surfaces, it won’t deliver the same durability or strength. Using it on materials other than wood is not recommended. On the other hand, wood filler is strictly for use on wood only.
3. Drying and Curing Times are Comparable
Both wood glue and wood filler require patience. Usually, they’ll dry within 24 hours and need a few days to completely cure.
4. Both are Workable Post-Drying
Once they’ve dried, both wood glue and wood filler can be worked with further. You can sand, stain, and paint over them. However, wood filler takes the lead in terms of workability; it’s more sandable and stainable, making it easier to blend seamlessly into the surrounding wood.
Unmasking the Differences Between Wood Glue and Wood Filler
1. Adhesion vs. Filling: The Core Differences
Wood glue shines in its primary role – adhering pieces of wood together with a robust bond. While some varieties can also fill gaps, this isn’t their main strength.
On the other hand, wood filler is your go-to for patching up uneven or hole-riddled wood. It can bring a smooth finish to your woodwork, but don’t expect it to join two pieces of wood together effectively. If you’re thinking about wood putty, remember it’s not the same as wood filler. Despite its tacky nature, it’s still not a substitute for wood glue.
2. Weatherproofing: Wood Glue Takes the Crown
If your project involves outdoor elements, wood glue’s superior waterproofing capabilities will serve you better than wood filler. Although you can thin out wood filler with water for a smoother application, it isn’t designed to withstand the rigors of weather like wood glue.
So, if you’re crafting an outdoor project, opt for wood glue. Its weatherproof nature will ensure your project stands the test of time and weather – especially rain.
3. UV Resistance: Another Win for Wood Glue
UV resistance is another key difference between wood glue and wood filler. Leaving wood treated with filler outdoors for too long can result in the filler drying out, becoming brittle, and eventually cracking. This could greatly impact the aesthetics of your finished project.
By contrast, many types of wood glue are resistant to UVA and UVB rays. Thus, if you’re building an outdoor wood bench, wood glue should be your pick.
4. Gap Filling: Wood Filler Shines Bright
Even though you might be able to fill a gap with wood glue, it’s not the best tool for the job. As it dries, the glue tends to soak into the wood, potentially leaving a gap behind. Wood filler, on the other hand, is specifically designed to both fill holes and even the tiniest gaps in wood grains effectively and structurally sound.
While you could thicken epoxy resin glue with structural fillers to make it more like a wood filler, this process is more time-consuming and costly than simply buying wood filler.
5. Aesthetics: Wood Filler for the Win
Choosing the right type of glue is crucial if you care about the final look of your woodworking project. Polyvinyl acetate can leave a white residue, while aliphatic resin dries yellow. The most noticeable is resorcinol-formaldehyde resin glue, which dries to a striking purple hue.
Wood filler, in contrast, dries clear and blends seamlessly into the natural wood color. It’s your secret weapon for a flawless finish.
6. Composition: Wood Filler Contains Wood Fibers
Wood filler stands out with its inclusion of fine wood fibers, or even wood flour, in its composition. This feature is what distinguishes it from wood putty. However, no matter how many varieties of wood glue you explore, you won’t find one with wood fibers.
While a discontinued type of wood glue, known as casein glue, contained phosphoproteins similar to those in dairy products, it didn’t contain wood grains.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use wood glue as a wood filler?
While it’s possible to create a makeshift wood filler using wood glue and wood shavings, it’s recommended to use a specialized wood filler for a superior match with the surrounding wood. Wood fillers are specifically designed to blend seamlessly with the wood surface, resulting in a more aesthetically pleasing finish compared to wood glue.
Strength Comparison: Wood Glue vs Wood Filler
When it comes to strength, wood glue takes the lead. As its primary function is to bond pieces of wood together, wood glue boasts a stronger adhesive capacity compared to wood filler.
Compatibility: Will wood glue stick to wood filler?
Yes, wood glue can adhere to wood filler, but it’s crucial to let the filler dry and cure completely before applying wood glue.
Wrapping Up
Both wood glue and wood filler have their unique uses and are invaluable tools in my woodworking projects. Wood glue is my go-to for joining pieces of wood, thanks to its powerful bonding capabilities. On the other hand, wood filler is my trusted companion for filling cracks and gaps in wood, ensuring a consistent and matched finish.
In my opinion, both products are indispensable in any woodworking shop. So, why not keep both on hand for all your woodworking needs?
